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The city was founded 330-334, captured by Alexander the Great and the kingdoms of Pergamon, and continued in existence as a settlement linked to Rome. In the eighth century, the region was badly damaged by earthquakes and was abandoned. It is not known exactly whether the chambers carved into the rocks were built for settlement or for use as tombs. At the bottom of the city are parts such as agora, theater, and odeon. The city is built on steep slopes so the transportation routes are a bit difficult. The old city is inscribed on the UNESCO Tentative World Heritage List.
